Merge of Southwet and Air Tran Airways Case Study

Merge of Southwet and Air Tran Airways - Case Study Example By January 26, 2013 codesharing has already begun and this allowed the two airlines to share itineraries. It is expected that by 2015, the more dominant brand in the merger which is Southwest Airlines will be adopted as the common brand thus removing the Air Tran brand from the merger with its operation being absorbed by Southwest. II. Introduce the companies involve Southwest Airlines Southwest Airlines is the world’s largest carrier that caters to the lower end segment of the aviation industry and services to 79 destinations in 39 states in the United States. It is also the biggest operator of Boeing 737 worldwide with over 550 planes in service. It employs more than 46,000 employees and manages more than 3,400 flights a day. Air Tran Airways Airtran Airways was founded by Airtran Corporation which operated as Northwest Airlink carrier in Minneapolis and Detroit which later purchase Conquest Sun. The company grew and acquired 11 Boeing 737’s and served 24 cities in th e East and Midwest region catering to the lower segment of the market. It was later spun off by Mesaba and formed its holding company Airways Corporation which was later acquired by ValuJet Inc. and was later renamed to its AirTran Holdings. The name AirTran Airways was retained after the merger with ValuJet Inc. Before the merger with Southwest Airlines, AirTranAirways served more than 70 cities coast to coast. It also cater to the Carribean and Mexico market and flew 700 flights per day with over 8,500 crew catering to almost 25 passengers per year (AirTran Airways). III. Identify the period the company went through the merge  and reasons for the merge. give figures if possible.   The merger between Air Tran Airways and Southwestern airline is more of a takeover of Southwestern to Air Tran to expand the coverage of Southwester Airlines. By acquiring Air Tran, Southwest Airline would be able to cover flights that were not previously available to Southwestern Airline such as Atl anta - Hartsfield route that is also the world’s largest airport. Having Air Trans Airways would enable Southwest Airlines to have an access to Air Tran’s Atlanta hub and therefore a beachhead in the market that it covers (CBS News). Services previously unique to Air Tran will now be available to Soutwest Airline among those are flights in Dayton, Akron-Canton, and Washington National. In effect, the acquisition would give Southwest Airlines â€Å"a leg up in the market† by having an access to major city airports from alternate airports. As Bob Jordan, Chief Commercial Officer at Southwest Airlines and President of AirTran, said in a statement issued to The Democrat and Chronicle. "With a connected network, we can offer customers more itineraries, more destinations, more low fares, and a taste of what's to come once the integration is complete† (Trejos). IV. Brief description of the changes made   By having an access to airports and services unique only to Air Tran Airways, Southwest Airline is now able to add service to cities and airports it did not previously cover such as Dayton, Akron-Canton, and Washington National. Consequently, the merger also enabled Southwest Airlines, being the dominant entity in the merger, to remove service areas that were previously exclusive to Air Tran. The cities that were removed from their route were Allentown, Pa.; Asheville, N.C.; Atlantic City; Bloomington/Normal, Ill.; Charleston, W. Va.; Dallas/Fort Worth; Harrisburg, Pa.; Huntsville, Ala.; Knoxville, Tenn; Lexington, Ky.;

Ethnic group Essay Example for Free

Ethnic group Essay Prejudice is an opinion or judgement without due examination toward one side of a question from other considerations than those belonging to. Or we can say that prejudice is a bias on the part of judge, juror or witness which interferes with fairness of judgement. Prejudice involves negative feelings when they are in the presence of or even think about members of the group. Prejudice often involves stereotypes, suggesting that all members of a group behave in certain ways and have certain characteristics. Therefore, prejudice has both cognitive and affective components. Affective component is the positive or negative attitude/ feeling. Beside the cognitive component contains stereotypes. Prejudice will be dealt as a single set of dynamics that function to dehumanize people who are identifiably different in some way from the people whose perceptions are limited by the dysfunction we called prejudice. This approach is taken for two reasons. First, it is easily defensible through the uderstanding of the dynamics of prejudices and second the continued separation and classification of prejudices according to the superficial categories of those who are prejudiced is a disservice to those who are the targets of discrimination and a distortion of reality. Much of prejudice stems from our pre-judging other people’s habits, customs, ways of speaking and value. We often do this with no basic for the judgement other that the fact that they (the customs, values, ways of speaking, etc) are different form our own. When we are confines to a single culture, it’s incredibly difficult to see that one’s way is not the only way, that one’s truth is not the only possible way in which things are done. To travel around the world and seeing the variousity of culture may become the nicest thing to do for reducing prejudice. There is no better way to be convinced of this than to go to another country where millions people are doing something different from you. Another way to reduce prejudice is to make a friend with many background culture. From that, we can learn that we are all different and we have to accept that differences. By accepting and learning that differences, the number of prejudicing people will be decrease. Prejudice reduction refers to a collectionof techniques designed to break down these destructive stereotypes. Most often prejudice reduction programs take place on a small scale for example in workshops which bring together people from different groups to help them develop a better mutual understanding. At times, efforts are made to reduce prejudice among the general population. This can be done with wide spread media efforts and public education programs often implemented during the grade school years. In both small scale and large scale efforts, a first step which is critical to the success of these programs is an ability to overcome the many communications problems cited elsewhere in this training program. This is because a great deal of prejudice arises from simple misunderstandings and the tendency to make worse case assumptions in the absence of reliable information. At the workshop level, facilitators can help people explore their stereotypes, and learn to communicate with each other in a more open, trusting, and receptive way. At the community or societal level, misunderstandings can be addressed through carefully crafted public media campaigns and/or education programs designed to counter common stereotypes and present all groups in their best possible light. Still, correcting poor communication may is not usually enough to overcome prejudice. Better communication may simply prove that the parties do, in fact, hold each other in mutual contempt, or that they are, indeed, trying to undermine each others interests. Often such hostility is the result of escalation processes which transform relatively minor provocations into intense confrontations. For this reason strategies for limiting escalation are also an essential component of effective prejudice reduction. This also can be attempted in workshop settings or at the larger, community level. On the other hand, we will talk about stereotypes. Stereotypes are generalizations or assumptions that people make about the characteristics of all members of a grup based on image that often wrong about what people in that group are like. Most stereotypes probably tend to convey a negative impression. By stereotyping we infer that a person has a whole range characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of that group have. Researches have found that stereotypes exist of different races, cultures or ethnic groups. Although the terms race, culture and ethnic groups have different meanings, we shall take them to mean roughly the same thing at the moment. Not surprisingly, racial stereotypes always seem to favor the race of the holder and belittle other races. It is probably true saying that every ethnic group has racial stereotypes of other groups which can be seen to benefit each group because it helps in the long run to identify with one’s own ethnic group and so find protection and promote safety and success of the group. A brief description of stereotyping includes: grouping people together based on their race, ethnicity, religion, languange, customs, appearance, gender or culture; denying people rights because of the group belong to; believing that one’s own group is superior beside other groups are inferior. And the ways to reduce stereotyping includes: promoting first hand knowledge through personal experiences; putting one self in another’s shoes and considering multiple perspectives; working toward a meaningful goal with others when all share equal status. It will naturally be difficult to change stereotypes and prejudice, because such change will need to overcome all of the cognitive processes such as biased information search, interpretation and memory behavioral confirmation, as well as social processes, such as pressures to conform to the beliefs of others, all of which work to maintain stereotypes intact. Nevertheless, social psychologists have developed numoerous theories about when and why stereotypes will or won’t change and some interventions have been effective at changing stereotypes. In general, there are three types of change in beliefs that can help reduce negative intergroup encounters. Perhaps the most obvious change involves creating more positve perceptions of the group as a whole. When we reduce an individual’s level of prejudice or change his or her stereotypes to be more positive. But change does not always have to involve becoming more positive about the group. If we change the perceptions of the variability of a group such that the individual no longer believes that all of the group members are the same, we have also reduce stereotyping, even if the beliefs have not become more positve overall. Finally, we will have been succesful if we have been able to reduce the tendency for an individual to use social categories when judging others, with the result that they are more likely individuate others instead.

Oxalate Complexes of Iron

Oxalate Complexes of Iron In coordination chemistry there are different types of ligands. Monodentate ligands donate only one lone pair to the metal ion. Bidentate ligands donate two pairs of electrons such as the oxalate ligands which can bind at two sites with the metal ion, thus a coordination number of three ligands around one metal ion. Oxalate has four oxygens with each having a lone pair but it only uses two lone pairs to form a coordination compound.There are also multidentate ligands such as the EDTA which donate more than two pairs of electrons. Oxalate is can be regarded as a chelating agent. This means that two or more bonds are being broken so that the ligand would be separated from the metal. These chelating ligands provide more stability to the complex than those with monodentate ligands.1 The potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate and the iron (II) oxalate have a stereochemistry of an octahedral. The oxalate ion is a weak field ligand according to the spectrochemical series. The Fe2+ has 6 electron in its d orbitals while Fe3+ would have 5 electrons. The unpaired electrons of the iron (III) would have a high spin and so behave paramagnetically. Fe2+ and Fe3+ electrons can either distribute themselves either in a low spin or a high spin arrangement. An example of the arrangement which is more favoured according to Hunds rule 3d 4s 4p 3d 4s 4p Iron can accept 6 pairs of electrons because the orbitals are hybridised in a way to produce 6 orbitals of equal energy. A redox titration is a type of reaction which is based on redox equations between the analyte and the titrant. Reduction-oxidation reactions are reactions where one of the component is being oxidized such as iron (II) to iron (III) thus becoming more positively charged while the other is being reduced thus it is gaining electrons and will become less positive in its nature. Potassium permanganate has the formula of MnO4- which can be reduced to Mn2+ in reducing conditions. This is an oxidizing agent. In this experiment the iron (II) oxalate and potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate were analysed. Then these two salts were analyzed for their iron and oxalate content and also the empirical formula of each salt was determined. Apparatus: Pasteur pipette, weighing boat, spatula, watch glass, measuring cyclinder stirring rod, Buchner funnel ,stopper, heating mantle, balance, beakers, thermometer, filter paper, ice-salt bath, flasks. Chemicals: Chemical Brand Grade Ferrous ammonium sulfate GPR Aldrich Oxalic acid dihydrate GPR N/A 2M sulphuric acid GPR BDH Acetone GPR BDH Iron(II) oxalate GPR N/A Potassium oxalate monohydrate GPR BDH Hydrogen peroxide GPR BDH Ethanol GPR BDH Potassium permanganate GPR BDH Zinc GPR Carlo Erba Method: Experiment A: Preparation of Iron(II) Oxalate 15g of ferrous ammonium sulphate were dissolved in 50cm3 of warm water which has been acidified with 2M sulphuric acid (1cm3). 75cm3 of 10% oxalic acid solution was added with rapid stirring. The mixture was heated gently to the boiling point and then the yellow precipitate of ferrous oxalate was allowed to settle. The precipitate was removed by filtration on a Buchner funnel. It was washed thoroughly with hot water and then with acetone. The product was allowed to dry on the funnel under suction and weighed. The product was used for the next section. Experiment B: Preparation of potassium trioxalatoferrate(III)Trihydrate 3.25g of ferrous oxalate was suspended in a warm solution of potassium oxalate (5g in 15cm3 water. 15cm3 of 20vol hydrogen peroxide was added from a burette whilst the solution was stirred continuously and maintained at 40OC. The solution contained the precipitate of ferric hydroxide. This was removed by heating the solution to boiling. 10cm3 of 10% oxalic acid and then a further small amount of oxalic acid was added dropwise until the precipitate just dissolved. During the addition of oxalic acid, the solution was maintained near the boiling point. The hot solution was filtered. 15cm3 of ethanol was added to the filtrate, any crystals that were formed by gentle heating were re-dissolved and put in a dark cupboard to crystallise. The crystals were collected by filtration on a Buchner funnel. These were washed with an equivolume mixture of ethanol and water and finally with acetone. This was dried,weighed and the product kept in the dark. Experiment C: The analysis of the products for iron and oxalate Iron(II) oxalate 0.3g of oxalate was dissolved in 25cm3 of 2M sulphuric acid. The solution was heated to 60OC and titrated with 0.02M standard potassium permanganate solution until the first permanent pink colour was observed. 2g of zinc dust were added to the solution and boiled for 25 minutes. It was filtered through the glass wall and the residual was washed with 2M sulphuric acid. The washings were added to the filtrate and this was titrated with a solution of standard potassium permanganate The percentages of iron, oxalate, water of crystallisation in the product and the empirical formula were determined. Potassium trioxalateoferrate(III) trihydrate 0.2g of the complex were dissolved in 25cm3 2M sulphuric acid. This was titrated with 0.02M standard potassium permanganate solution until the first permanent pink colour was observed. 2g of zinc dust were added to the solution and boiled for 25 minutes. This was filtered through a glass wool and the residual was washed with 2M sulphuric acid. The washings were added to the filtrate and this was titrated with a solution of standard potassium permanganate. The percentage of iron and oxalate in the complex was determined. These were compared to the theoretical values. Results: Experiment A: Ferrous oxalate: 7.478g Experiment B Potassium oxalate:5.058g Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) hydrate:6.019g Ferrous oxalate:3.273g Experiment C: Iron oxalate: 0.301g Volume of potassium permanganate Initial Final Titre value Volume of potassium permanganate after adding zinc Initial Final Titre value Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate:0.200g Volume of potassium permanganate Initial Final Titre value Volume of potassium permanganate after adding zinc Initial Final Titre value Calculation: Iron(II) oxalate Iron(II) and oxalate is oxidized by permanganate to Iron(III) and carbon dioxide Iron(III) is reduced by zinc to Iron(II) MnO4- + 5Fe3+-+ 8H +→Mn2 + + 5Fe2+ + 4H2O Iron 0.02 moles=1000cm3 ? 17.2cm3 3.4410-4 moles 5Fe2+:1MnO4- 1.72X10-3:3.44X10-4moles 1mole=56g 1.7210-3moles=? 0.096g Oxalate 2MnO4- +5C2O42-+16H+→ 2Mn2+ + 10CO2+8H2O 52.4cm3-17.2cm3=35.2cm3 0.02moles=1000cm3 ? 35.2cm3 7.0410-4moles 2MnO-4:5C2O42- 7.04X10-4:1.76X10-3 1mole=88g 1.7610-3moles=? 0.155g Empirical formula 0.096g+0.155g=0.251g 0.301g-0.251g=0.05g 1mole=18g ? = 0.05g 2.7810-3moles 1.7210-3 moles 1.7610-3moles 2.7810-3moles 1.7210-3 moles 1.7210-3moles 1.7210-3moles 1 1.02~1 1 .6 ~ 2 FeC2O4.2H2O % of iron, oxalate and water of crystallisation in Iron(II) oxalate Theoretical Fe C2O4 2H2O 56g 88g 36g 180g 180g 18 31% 49% 20% Experimented Fe C2O4 2H2O 0.096g 0.155g 0.05g 0.301g 0.301g 0.301g 31.89% 51.5% 16.6% Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Oxalate is oxidized by permanganate to carbon dioxide Iron(III) is reduced by zinc to Iron(II) Iron MnO4- + 5Fe3+-+ 8H +→Mn2 + + 5Fe2+ + 4H2O 0.02moles=1000cm3 ? 4.1cm3 8.210-5 moles 5Fe2+:1MnO4- 4.110-4moles: 8.210-5 moles 1 mole=56g 4.110-4moles =0.023g Oxalate 2MnO4- +5C2O42-+16H+→ 2Mn2+ + 10CO2+8H2O 0.02 moles=1000cm3 ? 26.4cm3 5.2810-4moles 2MnO4-:5C2O4 5.2810-4:1.3210-3 moles 1 mole=88g 1.3210-3 moles=? 0.116g K3[Fe(C2O4)3].3H2O= RMM 471 % of iron and oxalate in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Theoretical K3 Fe (C2O4)3 3H2O 120 56 264 36 471 471 471 471 25.48% 11.9% 56% 7.64% Experimented Fe (C2O4)3 0.023 0.116 0.2 0.2 11.5% of iron in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate 58% of oxalate in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Precautions: The crystals were scraped from the filter paper which could lead to inaccurate filtration. The temperature of the solution was kept above 60oC during the titration of iron oxalate against potassium permanaganate. Titration apparatus was washed accordingly; Pipette and burette were washed first with water and then with the solution. Flasks were washed with water only. It was made sure that the burette was not leaky since it would affect the final result. The product of potassium trioxalatoferate(III) trihydrate was put in a dark cupboard since it is photosensitive causing loss of product. A heating mantle was used instead of a bunsen burner because ethanol is flammable. When the ethanol was added to the filtrate in part B the solution was left to cool down since if the ethanol was added to the hot filtrate the ethanol could have evaporated. Sources of error: Glassware that was not calibrated properly could be a source of error The crystals were not dried completely and so would lead to higher weight. Loss of the product due to transferring from the balance to the flask, due to air currents and unsteady movements. The color of the end point could be misleading as different people have different sensitivity to colors. Hydrogen peroxide could decompose in light and so the oxidation of iron (II) and iron (III) would not be completed. Permanganate solution when allowed to stand in burette can undergo partial decomposition to MnO2. Difficult in seeing the measurements on the burette because of the dark violet produced by the permanganate solution Ferric ion is reddish brown which could have interfered with the observation of the faint pink titration endpoint. Discussion: Preparation of iron(II) oxalate When oxalic acid is added to the mixture of ferrous ammonium sulphate in water and acidified with 2M of sulphuric acid, ions would form in solution. [NH4]2Fe[SO4]2.6H2O + H2O Â ® 2NH4+ + 2SO42- + Fe2+ 2 When adding oxalic acid to the solution oxalate ion forms which then reacts with the iron(II) forming the iron(II) oxalic acid which is the product. This is the yellow precipitate which is removed by precipitation on a Buchner funnel. It is then washed with water and acetone to remove impurities. H2C2O4.2H2O + H2O Â ® 2H+ + [C2O4]2- 2 Fe2++ [C2O4]2- Â ® Fe[C2O4]. 2H2O 2 Preparation of Potassium Trioxalatoferrate(III) Trihydrate When potassium oxalate is added to the ferrous oxalate an orange intermediate complex would be formed. During the preparation of Potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate the iron(II) in the iron(II) oxalate have to be oxidized to Iron(III). This is done by an oxidizing agent which in this case hydrogen peroxide is used. A brown precipitate of Iron(III) hydroxide would form 2Fe2+ + H2O2 + 2H+ → 2Fe3+ + 2H2O 3 Fe3+ + 3OH- → Fe(OH)3 3 This could be removed by excess heating. 10% oxalic acid was added and so the oxalate ion could coordinate around the iron(III) metal forming a complex of Fe(C2O4). A green solution would form in this stage. The following net equation would take place converting the iron(III) oxalate to trioxalatoferrate(III) ion. Fe2(C2O4)3 + 3 H2C2O4 + 6 H2O → 2 [Fe(C2O4)3]3- + 6 H3O+ 3 The trioxalatoferrate(III) salt is soluble in water and would not precipitate out from an aqueous solution. Ethanol which is a less polar than water is added so that the salt would precipitate out since it is less soluble in ethanol. The precipitation is added by leaving the mixture overnight so that the salt would precipitate. This is placed in the dark because light would reduce the Iron(III) to Iron(II) 3 K+ + [Fe(C2O4)3]3- → K3[Fe(C2O4)3] 3 Made by Chem.Windows Analysis of the products for iron and oxalate In the last part of the experiment the percentage of iron, oxalate and water of crystallisation was found by titration of the iron(II) oxalate with potassium permanganate which is the titrant. The volume of potassium permanganate needed to react with the known volume of analyte was found. The titration was marked when a faint pink colour appeared. This is the Mn2+ which serves as its own indicator to show when the titration is ready. In the first part the oxalate and iron(II) are both oxidized to Iron(III) and carbon dioxide. Zinc is added which acts as a reducing agent which reduces the iron(III) back to iron(II). When titrating the potassium permanganate with the potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate salt, a faint pink colour is observed when the stoichiometric point has been reached thus titration would be completed. In the first part the oxalate only is oxidized to carbon dioxide since iron(III) is already in its oxidized form. When zinc dust is added to the Iron (III) it is reduced to its reduced form iron(II). The solution would remain colourless until all the oxalate salt is used. The solution is heated to 60OC since if the reaction takes place at room temperature it would be too slow. The oxidation of the oxalate anion which is an organic chelating agent, does not take place very easily. In the presence of a metal ion, the rate of reaction increases since the oxidation would be kinetically more favourable when forming an intermediate metal chelate. 4 In this experiment this type of intermediate had formed during the conversion of the oxalate ion to carbon dioxide by the permanganate ion. 4 The permanganate ion is reduced to a lower oxidation state by taking an electron from the oxalate and so the carbon carbon bond in the oxalate is broken forming carbon dioxide.4 Made by ChemWindows 4 From the results one could observe that the percentages of iron and oxalate in the theoretical yield which are 31% and 49% respectively are quite comparable to those percentages of the theoretical which are 31.89% and 51.5%. The theoretical percentage where brought by comparing the iron and oxalate to the RMM of the iron (II) oxalate. The theoretical % of water of crystallisation in this compound is 20% which resulted to be in close proximity to the experimented value that of 16.6%. When working the empirical formula of the oxalate iron an approximation was taken and so it was not very accurate. The ratio of 1.02 was rounded to 1 and the ratio of 1.6 was rounded to 2 for the water of crystallisation in the salt to result in the empirical formula of FeC2O4.2H2O When working the percentages of iron and oxalate in the potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate the percentages were also very near to the theoretical value since the % of iron in the salt is 11.9% when working the theoretical and the experimented values were worked to be 11.5%. On the other hand, theoretically 56% of the trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate is oxalate and 58% oxalate in experimented value. Conclusion: One can conclude that the aims were reached. The preparation of these two compounds was done so that in the end the percentage of both iron oxalate in the iron(II) oxalate and the potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate would be determined. The theoretical percentage of iron and oxalate of the theoretical were approximately very near those that were determined experimentally. The empirical formula of the iron(II)oxalate was also found to be FeC2O4.2H2O

Crossover Control: Homeostasis Essay -- Biology, Chromosome Engeneeri

Crossover Control: Homeostasis in Yeast Meiosis Control of formation of crossovers for proper chromosome segregation is governed by the crossover – non crossover ratio i.e., crossovers are formed at the expense of non crossovers; better known as the crossover homeostasis. Subject Terms: Meiosis, Crossover Control, Crossover Interference, Crossover Homeostasis Cell division is inevitable for the proper growth and development of any organism. While Mitosis helps in the somatic cell division, Meiosis acts in the germ cell for gametic division or gametogenesis. Meiosis starts with Prophase – 1 where the formation of crossover takes place. Crossovers are really important as they result into proper segregation and disjunction of chromosomes (Page and Hawley, 2003) and also, they bring about the variation in the species. Lack of crossover formation results into improper segregation and non-disjunction of chromosome and this results into aneuploidy, which can be detrimental for the organism. Thus, formation of crossovers in Meiosis is highly important. Upstream of crossovers are the double strand breaks (DSBs) that lead to the formation of crossovers (Keeney, 2001). The quality of double strand breaks to give rise to guaranteed crossover formation is known as obligate crossover or chiasma (Jones, 1984). For the accurate segregation of chro mosomes, it is highly necessary that there should be at least one double strand break hence at least one crossover formation per chromosome pair. Thus, formation of crossover is a tightly controlled and regulated event in Meiosis (Kleckner et al., 2004). This control is achieved by two important factors. First is the phenomenon of crossover interference in which the formation of one crossover affec... ...ion. These research statistics suggest that the work carried out by Martini et al. has definitely opened up a whole new field for research, and lots of work needs to be done to achieve valuable insight of the regulation of crossover control in meiosis. Several researchers are currently working on to unravel the mystery of the underlying molecular mechanism by which the regulation of crossover control takes place. Also, tremendous work needs to be done to propose the mechanism of crossover homeostasis with regards to crossover interference and the region specific differences arising in the HIS4LEU2 gene locus. Probably by using chromosome engineering we can further our understanding about this. Figure 2: Flow diagram explaining the control of crossover formation and regulation of meiosis through crossover homeostasis and crossover interference in S. cerevisiae.

Jekyll and Hyde Contrast

Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde consists of reputation, good vs. evil and damage control. In other words, Utterson tirelessly works to prevent his good friend Dr. Jekyll from being dragged into the horrid affairs of Mr. Hyde, and Dr. Jekyll goes to the greatest of lengths to prevent his Hyde identity from being discovered, in order to avoid anyone knowing of his somewhat questionable scientific work and morally despicable behavior. Much of the novel is based on the characters reputations and how they have to maintain a good public image, as they are upper class people.The novel takes place in Victorian England and the main characters are all male members of upper class London. Enfield, Utterson, Lanyon and Jekyll are all aware of social expectations and the importance of appearance, Jekyll and Hyde shows a contrast of public vs private. Even in the first chapter, Enfield is wary of sharing his story of the mysterious door because he loves gossip, as it destroys reputations. In kind, Utterson refrains from informing the police that Jekyll is a close friend of Hyde's following the murder of Sir Danvers Carew.Rather, to maintain his friend's reputation and protect his public image, Utterson goes to Jekyll directly to discuss the matter. This issue also arises in the matter of physical appearances, particularly architecture. In the first chapter, we learn that Hyde's mysterious dwelling is run down, neglected, and shabby. In contrast, Jekyll's home is extremely well kept, majestic, rich, and beautiful. Ironically, we eventually learn that the mysterious door is in fact connected to Jekyll's home, it is a back entrance rarely used. Dr. Jekyll and Mr.Hyde is an examination of the duality of human nature, this is shown through the fact that Mr. Hyde is in fact Dr. Jekyll; the difference is that Hyde is formed through all the evil characteristics of Jekyll. Utterson's discovery of Jekyll's astounding work occurs in the final chapter of the novel. We have already witnessed Hyde' s powerfully vicious violence and have seen the contrasting kind, gentle, and honorable Dr. Jekyll. In approaching the novel's mystery, Utterson never imagines that Hyde and Jekyll are the same man, as he finds it impossible to believe their extremely different behavior.In pursuing his scientific experiments and validating his work, Jekyll claims, â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two. † So, in Jekyll's view, every soul contains elements of both good and evil, but one is always dominant. In Jekyll's case, his good side is dominant, but he knows there is evil inside of him, but at the end of the book his evil side becomes stronger and unstoppable. However, as a respectable member of society and an honorable Victorian gentleman, Jekyll cannot fulfill his evil desires. Thus, he works to develop a way to separate the two parts of his soul and free his evil characteristics.Unfortunately, rather than separating these forces of good and evil, Jekyll's potion only allows his pure ly evil side to gain strength. Jekyll is in fact a combination of good and evil, but Hyde is only pure evil, so there is never a way to strengthen or separate Jekyll's pure goodness. Without counterbalancing his evil identity, Jekyll allows Hyde to grow increasingly strong, and eventually take over entirely, perhaps entirely destroying all the pure goodness Jekyll ever had. The book portrays Hyde in like an animal; short, hairy, and like a troll with gnarled hands and a horrific face.In contrast, Jekyll is described in the most gentlemanly terms; tall, refined, polite and honorable, with long elegant fingers and a handsome appearance. So, perhaps Jekyll's experiment reduces his being to its most basic form, in which evil runs freely without his reputation as Jekyll being at risk. Jekyll and Hyde are not the only examples of duality in the novel. The city of London is also portrayed in contrasting terms, as both a foggy, dreary, nightmarish place, and a well kept, bustling center of commerce.Indeed, just as men have both positive and negative qualities, so does society. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde contains extremely violent scenes. In each instance, the culprit is Mr. Hyde, and the victim is an innocent. For example, in the first chapter we learn how Mr. Hyde literally trampled a young girl in the street and later on we learn that Hyde, unprovoked, mercilessly beat Sir Danvers Carew to death. Even worse, we find at the conclusion of the novel that Hyde thoroughly enjoyed committing this violence, and afterwards felt a rush of excitement and satisfaction.This shows the pure evil Hyde has that was mentioned before. Interestingly, Hyde's final victims, when he commits suicide just before Utterson and Poole break into his cabinet, are both himself and Jekyll. In this final act, neither victim is innocent. Clearly, Hyde is guilty of a great many crimes, and Jekyll is guilty as he created Hyde, let him run free, and inhabits the same body as the man. Perhaps in this conc lusion, Stevenson is suggesting that to those who promote and commit senseless violence, punishment will come.

Is there any danger in relying on a system like SAIGA? Essay

1.In what manner does SAIGA act as an MIS and DSS? For DSS, which supports problem specific decision making, SAIGA acts in the same manner by doing the following: Provides useful charts that managers review to spot patterns and problems in scheduling and resources. Assists in management making effective decisions. Assists management with allocating resources. As far as MIS, which helps an organization â€Å"do things right†, SAIGA act in this manner by doing the following: Decline in flight delays More appropriate and timely assignment in resources Faster turnaround time for flights Faster through time for passengers Reduced Operating costs Directing passengers to parking stands and gates 2.Why is scheduling of this scale best left to information systems such as SAIGA rather than to human managers? With the ongoing list of tasks that are provided with the operations of an airport as listed in the Case 1 Studies, being able to deliver the efficient outcome of all of these resources is beyond the skills of any person, and unfortunately, to leave to a human manager leaves more room for human error. One could not successfully be obligated to do all of the following without sufficient flaws: Gates Parking Stands Fuel Trucks Check-In Counters Buses Luggage Conveyor Belts Variety of Ground Equipment Personnel Etc. With the assistance of SAIGA, this is all possible and it additionally provides a way to reduce stress and increase the overall Profit Net Margin while assisting with day to day operations. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS 1. What other industries might benefit from an information like SAIGA? Other industries might benefit from an information system like SAIGA: Hospitals Nursing Homes Prisons/Jails School Systems City Buses / Transportation Offices Commercial Businesses Etc.